Libro de Visitas

Robertzop

16 Apr 2025 - 12:50 pm

Что учесть при выборе подходящих пиломатериалов для строительства

Введение
Пиломатериалы это база хоть какого строительства: от каркасного дома до беседки либо террасы. Грамотный выбор древесины влияет на прочность, долговечность и эстетику будущей постройки. В этой статье поведаем, на что стоит направить внимание при выборе пиломатериалов для строительства.

Вид древесины
Разные породы дерева имеют свои достоинства и недостатки.

Хвойные (сосна, ель, лиственница)
Самые популярные и доступные из-за цене и хорошим строительным характеристикам. Лиственница более устойчива к влаге, чем сосна.

Лиственные (дуб, ясень, берёза)
Используются пореже из-за высокой цены. Обладают завышенной прочностью и износостойкостью, образцовы для внутренних работ и отделки [url=http://donsloboda.ru/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=76089]http://donsloboda.ru/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=76089[/url]

Сорт и качество
Пиломатериалы посещают разных сортов (в течении 4).
Первый сорт малое количество сучков и дефектов, подходит для ответственных конструкций.
Второй и третий сорт допустимы отдельные недостатки, используют для черновых работ.
4-ый сорт только для временных и второстепенных конструкций.

Влажность древесной породы
Влажность древесной породы влияет на её геометрию и срок службы. Слишком сырая древесина может деформироваться при высыхании.

Строительная влажность (1822%)
То что надо для предварительного строительства.

Камерная сушка (1214%)
Используется для внутренней отделки и мебели.

Обработка и защита
Обрешечённые, строганые, профилированные пиломатериалы теснее готовы к использованию. Необработанную древесину рекомендуется пропитывать антисептиками, антипиренами (охрана от гниения, плесени, насекомых и огня).

Размеры и геометрия
Проверьте корректность размеров, прямолинейность, неименье трещин и сколов. Особое внимание уделяйте одинаковой толщине материала необыкновенно для несущих конструкций.

Предназначение
Для каркасных стен, балок, перекрытий
Используйте брус и дощечку высших сортов, хорошо просушенные и обработанные.

Для наружных работ
Подходят пиломатериалы с природной устойчивостью (лиственница) или тщательно обработанные составами для защиты от воды.

Для внутренних работ
Можно использовать более мягенькие и дешёвые породы, но с превосходной влажностью и без явных дефектов.

Где покупать
Выбирайте проверенных поставщиков. Не стесняйтесь просить сертификаты о происхождении и влажности. Рассматривайте пиломатериалы на складе перед покупкой.

Заключение
При выборе пиломатериалов важно учитывать породу дерева, сортность, влажность, обработку и предназначение материалов. Правильный подход к выбору гарантирует долговечность и надёжность вашей постройки, а также сэкономит ваше время и деньги на ремонте в будущем.

Richardprodo

16 Apr 2025 - 12:36 pm

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Kevinsip

16 Apr 2025 - 12:04 pm

Why there’s a huge collection of vintage cars stored in the middle of the desert
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Back at the turn of the 21st century, Qatar was a country with few cultural attractions to keep visitors and residents entertained. Yet the Sheikh Faisal Bin Qassim Al Thani Museum — known as the FBQ Museum — was a place that most people visited as an alternative to the then-still rather ramshackle National Museum of Qatar.

You had to make an appointment, and drive out into the desert, getting lost a few times along the way, but then you were welcomed to the lush Al Samriya Farm with a cup of tea and some cake. The highlight was being allowed into a space crammed full with shelves and vitrines holding all sorts of eclectic artifacts from swords to coins — with the odd car and carriage standing in the grounds.

It wasn’t necessarily the kind of museum you’d find elsewhere in the world, but it was definitely a sight that needed seeing.

Today, it has grown and now claims to be one of the world’s largest private museums. It holds over 30,000 items, including a fleet of traditional dhow sailboats, and countless carpets. There’s also an entire house that once stood in Damascus, Syria.

There are archaeological finds dating to the Jurassic age, ancient copies of the Quran, a section that details the importance of pearling within Qatar’s history, and jewelry dating to the 17th century.

There are also items from 2022’s FIFA World Cup in Qatar including replica trophies, balls used in the games, entry passes, football jerseys and even shelves full of slightly creepy dolls and children’s plush animals.

Some of the more disturbing exhibits include various items of Third Reich paraphernalia in the wartime room, and, strangely enough, several showcases of birds’ legs with marking rings on them. Basically, whatever you can think of, you have a very good chance of finding it here.

Rumor even has it that behind a locked door is a room filled with the late Princess Diana’s dresses and other memorabilia, accessible only to a select few visitors. Another door hides a room, no longer open to the public, filled with collectibles of the late Saddam Hussein.

Freddiecic

16 Apr 2025 - 11:34 am

Some scientists believe that fatty acids such as decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid formed the membranes of the first simple cell-like structures on Earth, Pearce said.
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“(This is) the closest we’ve come to detecting a major biomolecule-related signal — something potentially tied to membrane structure, which is a key feature of life,” Pearce said via email. “Organics on their own are intriguing, but not evidence of life. In contrast, biomolecules like membranes, amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars are central components of biology as we know it, and finding any of them would be groundbreaking (we haven’t yet).”
Returning samples from Mars
The European Space Agency plans to launch its ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover to the red planet in 2028, and the robotic explorer will carry a complementary instrument to SAM. The rover LS6 will have the capability to drill up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) beneath the Martian surface — and perhaps find larger and better-preserved organic molecules.

While Curiosity’s samples can’t be studied on Earth, the Perseverance rover has actively been collecting samples from Jezero Crater, the site of an ancient lake and river delta, all with the intention of returning them to Earth in the 2030s via a complicated symphony of missions called Mars Sample Return.
Both rovers have detected a variety of organic carbon molecules in different regions on Mars, suggesting that organic carbon is common on the red planet, Williams said.

While Curiosity and Perseverance have proven they can detect organic matter, their instruments can’t definitively determine all the answers about their origins, said Dr. Ashley Murphy, postdoctoral research scientist at the Planetary Science Institute. Murphy, who along with Williams previously studied organics identified by Perseverance, was not involved in the new research.

“To appropriately probe the biosignature question, these samples require high-resolution and high-sensitivity analyses in terrestrial labs, which can be facilitated by the return of these samples to Earth,” Murphy said.

Frankrob

16 Apr 2025 - 11:06 am

Lunar clockwork
What scientists know for certain is that they need to get precision timekeeping instruments to the moon.
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Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.

“We have to work all of this out,” she said. “I don’t think we know yet. I think it will be an amalgamation of several different things.”
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Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
“You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”

Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.

As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.

But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

“The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

(There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)

Brandonmub

16 Apr 2025 - 10:58 am

Space, time: The continual question
If time moves differently on the peaks of mountains than the shores of the ocean, you can imagine that things get even more bizarre the farther away from Earth you travel.
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To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.

Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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For other missions — it’s not so simple.

Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.

Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.

“They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.

For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.

Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.

“We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”

Octaviowes

16 Apr 2025 - 09:38 am

‘A whole different mindset’
Accurate clockwork is one matter. But how future astronauts living and working on the lunar surface will experience time is a different question entirely.
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On Earth, our sense of one day is governed by the fact that the planet completes one rotation every 24 hours, giving most locations a consistent cycle of daylight and darkened nights. On the moon, however, the equator receives roughly 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of darkness.

“It’s just a very, very different concept” on the moon, Betts said. “And (NASA is) talking about landing astronauts in the very interesting south polar region (of the moon), where you have permanently lit and permanently shadowed areas. So, that’s a whole other set of confusion.”
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“It’ll be challenging” for those astronauts, Betts added. “It’s so different than Earth, and it’s just a whole different mindset.”

That will be true no matter what time is displayed on the astronauts’ watches.

Still, precision timekeeping matters — not just for the sake of scientifically understanding the passage of time on the moon but also for setting up all the infrastructure necessary to carry out missions.

The beauty of creating a time scale from scratch, Gramling said, is that scientists can take everything they have learned about timekeeping on Earth and apply it to a new system on the moon.

And if scientists can get it right on the moon, she added, they can get it right later down the road if NASA fulfills its goal of sending astronauts deeper into the solar system.

“We are very much looking at executing this on the moon, learning what we can learn,” Gramling said, “so that we are prepared to do the same thing on Mars or other future bodies.”

Rogerambub

16 Apr 2025 - 08:54 am

Siham Haleem, a private tour guide for 15 years, says that Doha now has many world-class, modern museums — the National Museum of Qatar being a firm personal favorite. And yet he says that visiting Sheikh Faisal’s museum should still be on everybody’s to-do list.
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“For those eager to learn about Qatar’s — and the region’s — heritage and beyond, the museum is an ideal destination,” he says. “Personally, I’m captivated by the car collection, the fossils, and especially the Syrian house, painstakingly transported and reassembled piece by piece.”

Stephanie Y. Martinez, a Mexican-American student mobility manager at Texas A&M University in Qatar likes the museum so much she includes it on all of her itineraries for students visiting from the main campus in Texas.

“The guided tours are very detailed, and the collections found at the museum have great variety and so many stories to unfold,” she says. “Truly, the museum has something to pique everyone’s interest. My favorites are the cars and the furniture exhibits showcasing wood and mother-of-pearl details. Definitely one of my favorite museums in Qatar, every time I visit I learn something new.”

Raynor Abreu, from India, also had praise for the unusual and immense collection.

“Each item has its own story, making the visit even more interesting,” he says. “It’s also impressive to know that Sheikh Faisal started collecting these unique pieces when he was very young. Knowing this makes the museum even more special, as it reflects his lifelong passion for history and culture.”

It takes time and dedication to truly examine the many collections within the museum — especially since most of them are simply on display without explanation.

Eclectic it may be, but it’s hard to fault the determination of Sheikh Faisal, who has brought together items that tell the story of Qatar and the Middle East.

Sarah Bayley, from the UK, says she visited the museum recently with her family, including 16 and 19-year-old teenagers, and was won over by its sheer eccentricity.

“Amazing. Loved it. It is a crazy place.”

Alfrednof

16 Apr 2025 - 08:18 am

Cześć ludziom!
Planowałem poruszyć temat, jaki istnieć umie nie dla każdego jest czytelny, ale dla wielu jest całkowite znaczenie – tatuaże ze średnikiem ( ; ). Toteż nie tylko znak interpunkcyjny, przecież też symbol siły, kampanie i nadziei, szczególnie dla kobiet zmagających się z faktami psychicznymi, depresją czy naukami samobójczymi.

Średnik w przekonaniu oznacza, że sprawca mógł dokonać myśl, ale zdecydował ją utrzymywać. Również jest z jedzeniem – osoby, które planują się na taki tatuaż, pokazują, że jednak umiały się poddać, postanowiły się przechodzić dalej. To mocny przekaz, który zbiera panów a dodaje otuchy.

Ten znak zdobył sławę dzięki Project Semicolon, czyli inicjatywie wspierającej kobiety z punktami psychicznymi. Tatuaż owy jest nie tylko formą wyrażenia siebie, lecz same wyrazem przyjaźni z tamtymi, którzy mają trudne chwile.

Zastanawiam się, czy człowiek z Was nosi taki tatuaż albo zna kogoś, kto go ma? Co Was do tego skłoniło? Pewno chcecie podzielić się naszą przygodą lub opinią?

Dla mnie [url=https://tattoo-arena.blogspot.com/2025/03/wazny-przekaz-tatuazy-ze-srednikiem.html]zestaw do tatuażu[/url] więc właściwie inspirujące, jak taki krótki symbol może nosić właściwie drastyczną skala.

Pozdrawiam ogólnych i życzę wielu siły! ������

Jeffreycof

16 Apr 2025 - 08:12 am

Lunar clockwork
What scientists know for certain is that they need to get precision timekeeping instruments to the moon.
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Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.

“We have to work all of this out,” she said. “I don’t think we know yet. I think it will be an amalgamation of several different things.”
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Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
“You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”

Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.

As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.

But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.

“The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”

A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.

(There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)